James stimpson



` and use myinvention, QI willproceedto der-L y l i y places;` and upon these rollers, the upper JAMESv STIlliPSON, F BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

MACHINERY me Gossrvcrrss mMBEB-RMLROADS- Specification of ,Letters ,Patent Np. dated August 13 1,838.

T0 aZZ whomit may concern Be itfknolwnthat I, JAMES STIMPsoN, of, the city of Baltimore A,and State of Mary;

land, have `invented a new and Improvedl Mode of ,Executing the Necessary or Usual` hereby `declare that the following is a `full and exact description.

The generalflab r lower endsofthe piles, squaring the wupper." ends, Vdriving them, .sawing off and tenon,y ing saidpiles, after they are drlven; 1n2 splitting, or `squaring up `the transverse sleepers, sawing them into lengths, mortising, draw-boring said vmortisesand tenons, cutting out lthe gains-in the saidtransverse.

` sleepers for the reception of the longitudiq nal rails; in sawing-the longitudinal railsI out oflogssquaring their ends, formmg the` keys and pins, andin general, performing all the necessary mechanical labors required, in constrnoting diiferent kinds of timber:

rail roadsi j To enable others skilled intheart tomake scribe its construction and operation, viz:

VSectrm 18d-For ithe preparation o f the" piles of one kind of rail road, for which I obtained a patent underdate ofthe third of June, 1830, constructed upon a double set of piles, -I r.make a triple set of carriages,l

consisting ofy arbottom, r,middlegand uppen carriage, (see drawing No. 1,;A, AB, ,and C,) all of the `same width, but the under one longer than the others `and also stronger.; The bottom carriagerests upon small wheels.A (d CZ CZ CZ) fitted close'laterally Ito the .rail road, wherebyito move it along upon 1 t,`and,y is aboutthirty feet inlength, consisting of. two strong side pieces,` connected by three or more transverse timbers framedinto said side pieces andvheld together by joint-bolts` and nearlyas wide as the railroad. Upon.- `thetops of each of these side pieces, I make,

say four short incline (planes ,(6l e e e) 4all of? the same angle of inclination and height and are placed equifdistant apart.

I then make the second carriage B, of the` same vwidthand inthe same manner, but` lighter and not so .long as the bottom one: upon the under sideof this second frame, I, also Amake the same ,number of inclines (fr f fr) of the same angle and height, but facing opposite to .those uponlthe runder,"

of constructing roadson .l this plan consists chiefly in Jointmg the,

one:,between ythese inclines I place rollers,

l( g g g) ,connected in a slight frame, of a ydiameter a little more than the .perpendiculariheight of said inclines, so thatwhenat the bottoms vof said inclines,one carriage shall not ,touch `the other. I thenmiake Va railway uponthe top of this second frame, consisting merelyof bars of iron, one upon :each side piece, sayone inch wide and about three-eighths thick; these `are fastened upon the nside pieces by spikes, ini `a Vperfectly parallel position with eachother and near the outeredge of said side pieces. I then make vthe upper or third carriage C, of eonsiderable strength, ofthe same width and y Vnearly the same length as `the Vseconchvvith iron rails underneath exactly'corresponding in Width, thickness,4 and position with the `first. I thenplacebetween these frames, or

iron Yrailspsmall rollers (Zt h t say one.

`inch in diameter, withflanches upon each y end, Aone and a half inches diameter and just asV far apart, as the width of the iron rails; these rollersihave small gudgeons and iirmnesssuliicient to keep the rollers in'their carriageC, or frame, with thelog upon it, ismoved upto the cutters and auger (7c), `mandril (11) `which is connected to and upon the' end of the under carriage,u in amanner to be Ahereafter' described. In lthis upper` carriage, I place transverserollers (Z Z Z Z Z Z) withiron gudgeons a groove is cut into each areputi'nto slight frames about four feet :apart, which frames are merely Yof Aa of;thes`e ollers,`the sides of Vwhich grooves each way Adiverge .upon rather an obtuse angle, so thatfthelog whenrolled uponthem, wiill, .by its "gravity, concentrate cl'irectl5`7 intothelniddle of saidgrooves,`and can be .easily Inovedfendwise upon therollers,with vout moving thecarriagea` 4 It wilhnow be seen, that the log `'when rolledupon said rollers, willincline to the .center of the grooves horizontallyfand by means of `the middle, or second described frame B, fthe inclines (androllers `between said inclines, they beingmoved endwise by means of a rack (m)` and Lpinion (n) the pinion shaft being attached ,totthe under frame and the rack upon the other next above it) it will ofcoursefraisefthe twoup- 'l Y per frames `with the log, in aA perfectlyfhorizontal manner and equal in height to twice thediameter of the rollers, or in other Y,words to twice the `elevation `of either ofthe inclines; and by means of a ratchetA wheel (o) upon Vthe pinion shaft, with a pall (p) it can be held in any position upon the planes desired, and thus inV an instant, can ,theV

centers of the logs, large or small, be brought to the cutters and angers, lto be pointed, squared, tenoned with round tenons, or redueed'by proper cutters to any size desired; while the logs lying upon t-ransverse rollers,

upon the upper frame and this Vframe rest ing upon the ra-il ways and small rollers, the frame and log can be moved upto the cutters and auger, etc., by hand, or a regular feed, put in motion by the'same power that moves the cutters, etc. And it will also be,

seen, thatthe log lying directly upon the transverse rollers in the upper frame, can be moved endwise,independently of or without moving the frame, to be sawed off in any part of it by means of thesaw (g)in a frame set at right anglesrto the log for that purpose and connected to the roof. To the side of therupper frame, I place skids (t t) to roll up theologs upon, connected by hooks to eye-bolts, so that the skids may trail, or be elevated in any direction; this operation of rolling up the logs is performed rby a windlass (u a) in the center of thev roof of the carriage upon which is a loose and tight pulley (o e w e) and putl in motion by the power; to said windla'ss are made fast two ropes (o o) `with hooks upon Vtheir outer ends; these ropes are passed over the logs, brought back and hooked to eye-bolts in the upper-edge of the bottom carriage, i I

place a mandrel (1") like a lathe mandrel, Vor arbor, and upon it, I place a chuck plate (s) faced up true; in which plate, I make slots, or openings, ranging from the center outward; upon this plate, and through these openings, I place Vor fasten the cutters by screw-nuts, &c., which reduce and true the tops of the upper set of piles. YThese cutters are formed and fitted tothe chuck-plate as follows vhf-Projecting from a large shoulder into the plate, each cutter has a broad shank tol fit into the slot-holes in .Y the chuck, so that it cannot be turnedV i round, but will when loosened, by turning the nut behind the plate, slide outitoward the circumference, or in toward the center, that it maybe adjusted tothe size desired; t his broad flat sided shank reaches nearly throughY the thickness of the plate, and there is made l round and'ascrew-thread cut'uponit, for

Vthe screw-nut, VVwhereby* toV fasten it ima theframe, so that when the Vwindlass winds movably tothe plate when in usei and the shoulder of the shankrestingY upon the face ,of the plate, supports Vthe cuttingV part of the cutter very firm. All the dierent eut` `ters hereafter mentioned, are connected to the plates in the same manner as above described, so4 that the description of this one, will explain the manner of the construction ofV the connecting parts of all the rest.

iThese cuttersprojecting out from the plate,

lare formed in shape and size, according to .the work they are intended to perform Viz {chuck-plate and mandrely Y' is say "fifteen inches long and bent, so as to stand l'at an angle of about thirtysix degreesy from `the range ofthe mandrel. This cutter isv ,intended to act first upon the eXtremeY outer The longest cutter shown upon `the Vface of' ledge ofthe log, and the length and'fla'ir comes broader and broader as the log approaches; thus reducing its end upon rather an acute angle for some distance: 'the log then comes in contact with the second shorter cutter upon the opposite side of the jcenter upon'V the'same plate. The cutting part of this second lcutter is nearly right `out square from the face of the true horizontal plate, but it hasbut a verylittle wood to remove, being that only which the first has left and the cuttingfedge of the last flairs a grain outward from ,the shank', that the transverse sillvmay drive 'downen to itsA slight taper and make a fitV asy close as is .possible toeXecute work. Y 1

VIt will now be'seen that these two cutters V will leave the end of theilog 'round and for the length lof the short cutter, nearly of a size as far as it cuts; beyond that, the long cutter will leave it with quite an acutely sloping shoulder from the cylindrical part out; which form is intended to shed water freely and/also to prevent any interferenceV v with any uneven surface on the under side of the transverse sleeper.

TheV thirdY cutter isV fitted*V to the chuekf plate in like mannerto the first andV at about two inches from the face ofthe Vplate the hilt of the cutterv is` bent at right angles, so as to make its cutting edge.A parallel with the Vface .ofthe plate, forV the purposeV of Vtruing the top of thevpile; thev shank of this i transverse cutter intersects the plate at about five inches from thereenter, or Aat alittle greater distance than half the diameter ofv the top of the log; the inner point or endV of the .cutter freachesv within the cutting edges of a three inchauger, whichis in- Y serted into the center of the mandrel, to bore therpin hole in the top-'of the top pile,

which pin contines the transverse sleeper to said pile.` ThisA auger reaches beyond the transverse cutter about one foot and has a taper shank to enter a similar hole in the mandrel as is usual in fitting these kinds of tools. Therefore this chuck-plate has fas# tened upon itsfface three cutters, and in the center an auger; and when'the top pile approaches, which is'to be prepared to fit into `the under sideof the sleeper, the side is tapered for some distance by the first cutter, the part above the taper is rounded upon a very slight taper `for about three inches by the second cutter, the top made perfectly fiat and true by the transverse cutter and a hole of three inches in diameter bored into the cen-ter of the pile one foot deep; and all performed in a few seconds at one operation. After the upper end of the log is thus fitted, it is sawed o to its eXact length by being moved endwise upon the carriage C, and rollers (Z Z) under the circular saw (g) connected to the roof of the machine. This saw is placed in a saw frame, consisting of two side pieces e fn, e) connected together by two cross-bars (0 e) and is to be so confined by joint-bolts and screw nuts, that it Acan be taken apart at pleasure.

The end of the frame, opposite the saw is centered upon theV inner end of the main driving saw shaft (0; e) which shaft is sup-` in motion and that the saw, and thus the main shaft answers for'the fulcrum ofthe saw frame. The saw frame `is made to descend and rise as required,.by means of a toothrack and pinion (t e) one end of which tooth-rack iscentered upon the'saw frame -and the other leading up through a cleat, which allows it to slide up and down and this movementis effected by means of a small pinion wheel made fast to a short iron shaft supported bythe aforesaidinner cross-beam of 'the roof. This shaft has a large hand wheel (u c) upon the end opposite the pinion, which hand wheel, has turned pins made fast into the periphery of itto take hold of, and by means of the aforesaid rack and pinion, the saw is moved up and -down at pleasure;-andwhen not in use, the driving belt is passed onto the loose i l pulley (CZ e) on the `first mentioned shaft (a e) by a slide guide as usual and the motion of the saw stopped; so that the log resting upon the carriage C, which moves with the utmost ease upon ironrail-ways with therollers (h ZL) between as before described and also upon the independent lgrcoved rollers (Z Z) can be brought under the saw to be cut offl exactly square at any llength desired. Thus in the double pile sys-1 tem, after'the first pile is ldriven belowf the surface of the earth sufiicient to make it immovably solid for the use of the road and also its top sufficiently below thesurface to prevent decay,-then` the distance from the top of said pile to the line-ofthe y roa'dsV grade, is measured by a slide upon a" stick, -and the top pile being first prepared bythe cutters upon the chuck-plate (s) and mandril (fu) and"` bored as before described, it is then moved under thesawA as above setA` forth and sawed off to the exact lengthV measured by the slidefstick. Now the cutter for pointing, or tapering the lower pile, will be precisely inform and position, Alike the first described, andthe firstone Vmaybe soused alternately, for both operations or one may be provided on Vpurpose-:for `each, and placed side by side at the same, or opsof Y posite ends of the frame; and thus as the i frame is sufliciently' wide for two logs, both operationsymay proceed 'upon the same car riage and'at the. same time and `sawedfto lengths inthe like way; `but in the case of two logsjzthere should be a `longitudinal rail in themiddle of theframe- C, to step the innerjournals of twosets of grooved rollers likeV (Z Z) upon, 4 but only `half their length, sothat eachlog may be moved end` wise, independent of the other.

Itmay beproper to state that it is ins tended in all uplandV piling, iwhere the ground is free from roots &c., not to reduce the log to` a point, but to leave, say half of it, square `across the center and the rest tapered upon so acute-,an angle as ten or lifteendegrees, which angle will open and compress the earth firmer about the sides of the pile than the natural earth; and the square center will drive the earth before it in a solid mass, uponi whichA it will rest` rmer than upon a point and save thereby the driving of some length of pile, and it being a true taper all around from'the center, it will ofcourse incline to be driven in a vertical manner.

mandrel (7') I place a mandrel (fc) and chuck plate (s e) facing out from Athe frame. Upon said chuck, is placed a cutter whichextends out about five inches from` the face of the plat-e: the'shank, nut and shoulder are all formed as were the first described, but the cutter is similar to the transverse'one At the` opposite. end of the carriage A, `from the first described 1 which trues the top of thepile, and is in'` form of a knee. This cutter is placed out from the center of the Vplate sof as to cut justJ as wide a space inthe under side of a i transverse sleeper as in the diameter of the ter of th-e mandrel like the vone at mandrelv (r) before described. The auger bores a hole y nearly through the sleeper of a size exactly corresponding with the one in the top of the pileV before 'mentioned and the cutter cuts a round space of as great a diameter-as the top of the trued pile, and if for a single track there must be kanother mandrel with auger and cutter,l exactly like those just described, and placed on a line horizontally with each other, at the same distance apart as the pilesv are to be Aplaced transversely of the road. Now the transverse sill is placed "uponthe slide frame (IN, WQ) and moved up by the lever (m) until the cutters have cut a whole chipV all over the interior spaces, while'the augers project so far beyond the cutters as to bore nearly-through the stick; but' the gains for the reception of the track rails havingtobe .cut out thereafterA on the opposite side of the sleeper it isijnot'neces sary togbore through. If the sleeper was for a double track, then there would be re-` quired four mandrels side by side to borel Y four spaces at the same time and all like the one (fe) before described. In this operation the under side of theV sleeper is not required to be level, as it only touches within the bored space and the cutters being all upon a straight line, so will be the vbottoms of the spaces. In this way I prepare the y undersides of the transverse sleepers for one kind of my patented rail road viz :-double`,

pile road with round' tenons.

The side frame (W, WV above mentioned,

consists of two slide pieces (g, e, g' e) of. same length, connected to each other by a.

cross timber (Zi c) notched in and on to the outsides of two uprights (i e, Ze) which'y posts are tenoned into the slide pieces, (g e, g e) first mentioned. These two slide pieces,

slide upon the tops of two cross rails (7c ,e,

7c e)and under two others (Z e, Z e) t slight gains are cut into the undersides of the top rails (Z e, Z c) which guidethe slides transversely. 'Ihese cross-railsv (7a e, Z e, Sac.) arey a part of the main frame of the-carriage. I Near the inner cross rail 7c e) I placey an iron shaft across the main frame and at? tach the journals of it to the said cross rail (lo c) in boxes. To the middle of this iron shaft I make fast an arm projecting' fromi Y Vsame as at (VW-W) No.1,a'nd attached at the the shaft say eight inches; to the outer end of the arm, I center a connecting rod (m e) and the` other end of said. rod I connect to the .center of ythe vcross timber (7L e) of the'y faugers and lto the outer end of'this iron shaft I fasten a hand lever (cv) whereby` `to move said slide out and in. Upon thisy `slide I placethe transverse sleepers tobe {bored upon their under sides as before described; that is, the sleeper is laid upon the slide pieces (g e, g c) iout against the upright posts (z' e, v1 e) and there made fast by .a lever, and -in that position it is calculated ,tor be central before .the cutters and is `.drawn in to the cutters by means of the lever l Section Zaal-I make a strong carriage, lsee drawing No. 2 A, which isV also to be upon wheels likethose aty (d Z Z al) No, 1, to fitthe road.y Upon the left hand end as you loo-k at the drawing at (a, a) IY lit a strong shaft, to revolve upon its journals in boxes, which boxes are attached to the main frame. Upon this shaft (a, a) I make fast metal plates, Vor they may be hollow drums (V c) in positions so., as to cut ythe gains iny the sleepers, and to these drums, I

ii'xmy cutters whereby to cut out said gains. If there are to be two gains cut upon the same sleeper, then 'there must be two gangs of cutters liker (b `ryupoln the same shaft placed at the exact distance apart that the gains are to be; and if four gains, then. four drums as herein set forth at (Z) 0).' TwoY lcutters cut out the bottom or sole of the notch` and two others cut down the shoulders: the cutting parts of the shoulder cutters are at the outside's, or at the sides next the shoulders, and cut merely attheir points. The cross cutters are bent at right angles, ,one from right to left, theother from left ,to right land each cutter is long enough past the center of the notch, so as to Abe sure vto clear out all the wood in the center. These cutters are placed upon opposite sides of the drum, lso that in passing through the wood there is but half ther width of the gain cut out at the same instant, and but one shoulder; the points of which shoulder cut-I end of frame A, No.' 2, I'place the aforesaid transverse sleeper, after the round spaces before described have been bored into transversely, to: reach from the shoulder'rto 1sie their under sides; but upon the tops ofthe slide pieces-I. fasten round plates just of a size to tit close into the spaces so bored out,

` and upon the ytops of these plates the bored spaces rest-,touching in no other place: the sleeper is theni made fast upon these plates` by alever Vor other convenient means, andl made to pass under the before described cutr ters on the drum (b a) which cut out the gains in the top of the transverse sleeper, and is made to pass by means of a lever &c. the saine as at (a No. 1,): or any regular feed operated by the power may be substi-V tuted if preferred. Now it will be seen, when the sleeper has thus passed the cutters, that just according as the space may be between the periphery of the cutters and ,theA top of the round plates upon the slide pieces, upon which the sleeper rests, so will in all instances be the thickness or' the wood between the bottom of the gains and the bored spaces. j cutters, then the inner shoulders are to be cut upon a proper bevel by chisels` so that the keys may hold the longitudinal rails the cutters upon drum (b a) and driven by a belt, thesame as at (m and a No. 2) 'or any other mode desired. And the three inch; trunnel or pin, which is to be driven inthrough the sleeper about one foot into the. hole in the pile is to serve as the tenonr and for this reason is the top of the pile leftl so large. Machine No. 2 is also partly for shouldering the tenons upon the tops of the piles after the pile driving machine has' graded the tops of the tenons. i

'Ihe tenoning machine is placed at the right hand end of the frame andconsists `first, of a strong upright frame about six feet high, consisting of four corner posts )(c fu lv o): Upon the tops of the two side;

ones lengthwise of the carriage, rails (d, d)"

are secured, and a'strong rail (c) is then notched on to the middle of these two rails.; Between these four corner posts, inside of the frame, I make a second light onel (c c c c) but just to fit close inside of thej first. This frame can rise up and down, but cannot move in any other direction independent of the outside one, hence will al- .which is notched down upon the `top rails (d, d) of the permanent frame (o fu u fu) and the lever nuts (g g) turn above washers, whereby to'elevate the inside frame (c c c c) to any exact grade that may loe-wanted.

After the sleeper has passed the Now within this second frame, I placeral third, (w fw fw fw) which can slide in the other transversely of the road a distance more than the diameter ofthe largest piles. In and to this frame I attach two circular saws (a a) or there may be four to cut two piles transversely of the road at the Asame time, stepped atI the upper end of thersaw shaft, and below near to the saws, in movable boxes, which, by means' of set screws we can adjust to any gage desired.

The saw shafts stand in a vertical position and the `saws are fastened between' screw-nuts and shoulders or collars as usual,

being driven by pulleys attached to said saw n;

shafts. The peripheries ofthese saws are set as wide apart, to Vcut transverselyV of the road, as is intended to have Athe thickness of the tenons; and as the sa-ws wear by use, Athe set-screws can move them towardeach other at pleasure. Immediately in the centerfbetween these two saws (a a) I placeahol- M low slide chisel (lo, la) which cuts all around upon the four sides of the` bottom of it, just the size of the tenons and this chisel is centered, by a pins passing through it anda 9o lever (l) near the middle of said chisel: the

bottom and top, slides through a `fixture which keeps the chisel always in the same vertical position inthe slide frame; hence to shoulder the piles, the vsecond `described frame (c c c c) is raised to the" height `we wish to bring the shoulder saws",` by the screws (f f) and nuts (g g) then'the third or inside frame (w w w fw) is slipped transversely of the road, until the saws have passed entirelyV through the pile, drawn back to the gage pointed `out Vby thepoint (t) which is attached to the third frame,`to that chisel may be formed, with the twofsides 1 which split down the two broad sides of the tenons transversely of the road, so widejas to extend beyond the pile both'ways,and their vbottom or cutting edges may be, say two inches, below the edges that cut or describe the width of the tenons; sothat the` wood which the shoulder cuttings saws have cut upon two sides of the tenons shall be all removed or loosened. The edges off the chisel which cut longitudinally of theroad and which describe the width of the tenon, being two inches shorter than the others, will reach the tenon-after the `first and thus give the width of the tenonin its exact position; but as the tenons will never be so wide transversely `ofthe road, as the` piles, it will be necessary to use ahand'tenon saw, to 4saw up to the mark, or split, made bythe lever chisel across them, upon both sides 'of Vwill be accomplished.

the tenen, whereby to remove the surplus wood or width; unless we provide another Amachine to do lthis trifling finishing part of them; but it being so slight a work, it will hardly pay for the tro-uble of providing it, when the tenons are soV near-lycompleted without.

Y Now Vit will be seen that the index (h) being upon the second frame (c c 0 0) which never moves transversely of the road and the pointer (i) being fixed into the third `or slide frame (w w w kfw); and allowing that the flanches of thewwheels upon which the whole machine moves are Vclose to the vinside of the rails, then the whole body ofV the machine will mark out and decide its own proper course for a straight road; hence byA moving the pointer to the middle of the index and forcing down the chisel, the

whole works 'and objectsrof the machines But if it be desired v to turn a'curve (the index (7L) Vrepresenting road a closer fit of the flanc-hes to the railsV than otherwise. But when constructing a road upon permanent piles, each 1s but one piece and it is desired to form round tops with pin tenons as in the double pile system;

then after the pile grading saws have sawed ofi' said piles at their proper heights two mandrils in a vertical position with cutters and augers (as at mandrel (r), plate (s), DrawingrNo. l) may be placed at their proper distance apart transversely of the road, in the above slide fra-me (w w w fw) No. 2, in lieu of the shoulder saws and thusv .form round tenons or tops for the bored sleepers to rest upon to be fastened down Vby the round three inch pins as in that case described. On the same ground floor frame with the above described machine No. 2 is a pin split.

ting machine operated by power and made in the following manner,viz, upon the frame A are fastened two strong planks, standing 1 edgewise; these planks are bolted on to transverse pieces, the ends of which should be let into said planks a short distance for their better security against being moved out of place by the power to be applied. Y At the end (o 0) is formeda strong box to contain the blocks of pin wood; the length of which box is just about that of the'pins and into which the blocks are placed, to be split in clefts as thick as are to be the pins in their before it rises. -Now this chisel '(m) finish. There is 'a movable bottom (as) in this box (seefB, No; 2, where it is shown in section) upon which the pin block (y) rests,

and this bottomis supported upon an upright, centered upon the long lever (p) the opposite end of which'lever is the fulcrum of its motion, and there fixed upon a centerV shaft. Between this fulcrumV and the other end andvbut'a short distance from the fulcrum, is placed a cam-shaft to whichV is made fast a cam (g) and ratchet wheel (r). The rise upon the cam is equal in the same distance of revolution from its commencement bar or crank rod so that as often as theV crank makes a revolution the handcatch moves forward and takes a notch and returns; which moves the cam the` distance of one notch and that elevates the lever (p) just the thickness of the pin and raises the pin block that much above the top of the box,and the pawl (s) holding it, the chiselY (7n/)won its return splits off the cleft. The hand (u) moves considerable farther than the actual distance between the notches upon the ratchet wheel (r) hence the chisel is withdrawn from over the block 1s fitted into a sliding rod (z a) like that which governs the common Vsteam piston rods. It moves in 'parallel' guides andY with as much power as desired. Nearly all these movements last described, when in place, are out of sight between the planks below (m, n)

to its termination and the periphery of the the crank shaft (l) and the pulley (2) by Y which the crank shaft is driven. When the block is split'into clefts they are put into the box again with their widths up and ydo-wn and then the chisel splits them into squares by the same operation as at first.

The next operation is, after a quantity is thus prepared; toV remove the wide chisel (m) and put in its place a round steel pin, with a square end in front, having two starts, projecting from the end of the pin,

say half an inch. yThese two starts are to be placed near the circumference of the rod or pin parallel to each other, and to reach across the pin parallel with the diameter, at the place where they are inserted or attached. These starts will have rather blunt edges and be of considerable thickness at the face of the pin, the object of which is to split they wooden pin in two places for the reception of the wedges; as after these pins are driven through the sleepers into the piles, they are to be made more secure by the two wedges.,l Now upon the top of the box (o 0) may be fitted an iron plate,'lying hori-V zontally ,so attached tothe box, that it can be removed with ease, and yet very secure when there. Projecting upward saythree inches and diverging from the plate a little, are two iron guides, between which the .square pin is to lie: they are to range fore andV aft, directly before the sides of the piston pin; and to the plate may be attached a strong round steel tube, connectedl to the said plate by nearly the whole length ofthe under slide: and the end of the tube next the piston-pin may be tolerable sharp all around but thick and blunt at the edge, the bevel from the cutting part being all outward;r

` with the splits in the pins all ready forthe reception of thev wedges, thus making it a complete operation; or if preferred it may be done in any other way. v

When the `road is made upon piles in one piece, and the tenons made upon the tops o1 the piles, the ratchet wheel (r) upon the cam shaft will be replaced by another with the teeth or notches nearer together, to reduce their size to that of the draw-bore pins for said sleepers and tenons. j

Section 3rd-I use pile drivers for driving piles, forv the foundation of the different kinds of rail roads that I have patented and others, connected to which pile driver are circular saws for sawing off the tops yof the piles after they are driven, upon an ex- .acthorizontal line transversely with each other and upon the line of the grade of the road. To effect this object, I first make a strong frame, the joinings of which are tc be held together by joint bolts. This frame is mounted upon small, but Vstrong wheels (m m m m Drawing No. 3) and the pile driver is to keep in advance of all the other machines; these' wheels running upon tem. porary shiftingrails. `Said frame is made suiciently long to contain the boiler andengine and four rams when desired and in the after part of the frame of said pile driver I place the boiler and engine to do the work. The general outline of the frame, vis constructed upon the usual principles; except being longer, stronger and having more timbers and braces Sac.A The ram (g) and mode of catching and dropping it from the follower (lo) are not new, nor is it necessary to describe these parts, as every interested person is familiar with them; but in several respects I have made improvements, by corn.- bining movements, which I deem new and useful for my present application and use and these additions and improvements are as follows viz: To the frame of each ram there is, irst a drum (e) to `wind the rope (f) upon, which raises the ram `On one end of this drum (e) is a spur wheel (el) say about twice the diameter of the drum: Second, there isa pinion shaft (c) with a pinion (c) upon it, which meshes into 'the large wheel (d) upon the drum (e) and a fast pulley (n) upon the otherendof the shaft,` and this pulley (n) is in lieu of the usual hand cranks; butthe pinion (c) and large wheel (el) are common. At the end of the pinion shaft oppositeto the pulley isa turned handle (o) loose upon the shaft,so that the shaft may revolve inside the handle,

while it is stationary in the hand.` ThisV handle projects say six inches outside the frame and 1s intended to put the pinion (c) in and out of gear with the wheel ((Z)zat Y i pleasure. When in gear it`will raise the ram, but when out, the ram will fall, for the drum (e) on which the rope is wound, revolves with perfect freedom `on its own journals. Now these two shafts, that is drum and pinion shafts are formed asusual, with this exception.

The pinion shaft (c) is turned, the `whole length of itbetween the journals on `which it revolves and finished up smooth, upon this I place a wooden cylinder (a) ofsay six inches diameter, turned straight its whole length with anches uponthe ends to prevent the rope from running off ofit. This cylinder revolves entirely free upon the pin ion shaft and is intended for the rope (f) to travel over, vwithout injuryt to itself, whereby to hold the pinion (c) in gear with the large wheel (d) while the ram is suspended upon the rope. This pinion shaft (o) and cylinder lie bac-kof the drum i i (e) and a little above it, say thirty degrees; now the rope (f) passing over or back of the loose cylinder (a) upon the pinion shaft (c) and winding up upon the drum (e) by means of the pinion wheel (c) gearing into the large wheel (d) which is connected to the drum (e) the weight of the ram (g) upon said rope (f) pressing against the cylopposite box being made to yield to it; and

the person tending the machine, when he is desirous of raising the ram, will take hold of the handle (b) and throw the pinion into gear, holding it so, until the ram is suspended upon the rope; then he can let go and as soon as the rainA drops, theV pinion is by means of t-he spring (i) thrown out of gear, which leaves the drum (e) to revolve freely upon. its own journals, while the weight of .thel follower will cause the rope-to unwindY and the follower to descend, to againY catch theram and so on. Thepinion shaft is centered, or placed above 'the level of the other, to reduce the force of action the rope would have upon the cylinder (a) were they both upon the same level, deeming the weight at that' angle sufhcient to hold the pinionfin gear. The band which drives the pulley (nl) shouldy run vertically, as then it would not hinder the play of the slide box.

The journals o-f the wheels upon which the pile driver moves, are placed underV iron boxes, which can move for a certain distanceV up and down in the frame. Iron straps, as atV (7/ g/YNo. l) are bolted on to the side timbers to which the 'journals are attached;

Ythese straps reach a little above the topof the side timber and connectingacross, are bolted on to the inside of the same timber.

yBetween the iron strap above the timber,

and the timber itself, I lit a wooden wedge,

or key, tofill the space, or in lieu of the wedge, it may be alever attached to the frame. Now when the keyY is inplace, the top of the ournal box will be thrust down, even with the top of the timber and of course theunder periphery of the wheel as much below the rails as nearly all the movement made by the thickness of the key, Aall things being so adjusted for that purpose. )When the key isout, the box and axle in it rise, and the frame falls upon the road; hence by placing a lever over the road-rail and under the frame to raise it up, the wedge can be put in to keep the box down and by doing so all around at the same time, the machine will rest only upon the wheels longer than the whole hoist of the ram and so constructed that vthey can be moved up and down between the two outside VJaws or strips ofV timber which secure the guides V(Z Z) in posit-ion, so as to protect, or keep the ram in place, when it is necessary to drop below the bottom of the frame, but which operation may only be necessary when driving the lower piles in constructingthe double pile road.

, I place an independent frame (A No. 3) (also shown in its place colored blue) in the center of the frontend ofthe pile driver and in the middle between the four rams.

This small light framefisv so placed in the pendicular manner to any exact gage desired, and upon whatever inclination' the road is, so'will be that of thisslide frame AQ (o, o) for sawing off the piles after they are driven. These saws (o, o) are placed at the extremities of a beam. (g) wide, but thin- VTo this frame' I attach. the circular saws Y wide, that it may `haveV strength laterally and horizontallyand to secure proper strength vertically, I bolt two wide Vpieces (ZL, t) reaching from near the center, to near. the extremities, leaving room only for pulleys and saws (o, o) vbeyond their ends. Upon the tops of these upright centerpieces (Zi, Zt) I lplace ilatthin pieces (i i) parallel vwith the first and extend their ends out las far as the bottom/piece.

Between the ends of these two pieces (Ic/and z') one being directly above' the other, the boxes for the journals of the circular saws are attached.- I step aI stron@` upright shaft (m) inthe center of this frame (A), the lower end of which shaft` isV turned a little smaller than above, leaving a shoulder: this smaller end passes do-wn through the center of the under and iirst described sawbeam or lever (g), with a strong screw nut underneath to confine the saw beam or lever firmly between it and the shoulder: I also put in a feather, or key, to prevent the shafts turning in the saw lever. At about four and 'a half feet above these saws I make fast to this shaft (m) a large, but light, bevel-gear wheel (n) or a segment of one. Ijthen make a crank shaft (p) and attach a small bevel-pinion (g) toone end, so as to gear intothe wheel (n). To the opposite end I attach lthe hand crank (T) with a pretty long shank, and range the shank-shaft (p) fore and aft with the pile driver. The crank being a little flush of the front of the frame, a man stand'- ing uponthe platform, can govern the feed of the saws at pleasure. If four piles are driven, then byputting the saw upon one end of the saw beam, up to one pile, the opposite end and saw will also be in contact with the other, at the diagonal corner of the track, land when sawedV off, change the sawbeam (g) and they will cut ofi' the two Yatt-he opposite diagonal corners, the `four piles forming the Aflour A'corners 'of a square, or 'of a parallelogram; and yas soon as all are out,

Y the saw will then be thrown to range in the center of the frame, by the crank turning the pinion which meshes into the wheel connected to the upright saw *lever sha-ftz-and as the upright saw shaft i(m) is stepped in the frame A, and said frame being supported under the bridge tree (e k) by the screw shaft (d) and lever-nut (f) the saws can be adjusted with the nicest accuracy. These saws grade the piles at the line of the tops of the tenons, but in the double pile system they are not used at all. At the bottom of the upright shaft to which the saws are attached, I put on a set of pulleys (a, a, a) all attached and move together as one: the upper one is driven by the main power with a strong wide belt: this turns the other two: a belt leads each way from each driving pulley (a) to each saw pulley (b) and drives them alike, and there may be tightening pulleys applied with ease if desired. Thus it will be seen, that this machine precedes all the others, and is moved forward upon temporary movable or shift-Y ing rails, so constructed, that'the rails are of themselves the exact measurement for the distance of the piles apart longitudinally, and causes the machine to stop at the proper point without measuring the ground, and that after the piles have been driven by the pile driver, they will then be sawed o upon the exact line of the grade of the road.

All these machines are operated by steam, or other locomotive power placed upon the road; some of the carriages herein described, have the power within themselves, No. 3 in particular, to serve as a counter-balance to the rams &c. Cars with proper tools, smiths forges &c., &c., for repairs, and also for all hands to live, cook and sleep within, are also placed upon the road and kept up to the work, and all the machines are to be sheltered from the weather by slight roofs covered with india rubber cloth.

It should be understood that in changing the grade of the road from one inclination to another, that it is provided for in the movable axles in addition to the screw iframe, that is by depressing the front axle an inch below the hind one, it would raise the frame and saws as much and in the exact inclination which that rise would produce, and vice versa. If the grade was to be changed from a level to a down grade the hind wheels would be depressed which would of course raise the hind end of the frame that much, and thereby throw the saws into an inclination as desired, upon the down grade,

and thus it will be seen that after the whole machine has advanced upon the grade, its length, or for the distance the wheelsare apart. That then the axles will be equalized in their positions of elevationin the frame, by means ,of the before describedwedgesfor levers, and 'then the whole frame-'and all attached to it, ibut 'especially elllllflin" f6. the Saws for Trading the tOPSLOlfthG Pies, will `be range exactly upon tthe. :line of grade thus first set to. In the before described `machines,

2. I also claim 1n combination therewith the saw, for cutting off the logs or piles, and

the mandrel and chuck-plate with its cutters augers &c, for rounding truing &c the tops of the piles.

3. And I also further claim the combined mandrel chuck plate and cutters for boring the under sides of the transverse sleepers, in combination with the sliding frame upon which the'sleepers are placed to be bored, the whole being constructed in manner substantially as herein described.

4. In the machine described in section second, and represented in Drawing No. 2, I claim the combination of the three :trames o, o, o, 'vf-fw, fw, w, w, and c, c, c, c, having screws (f, f,) and gage zu and 1l and in combination therewith the tenon shoulder sawsand also in combination with the tenon shoulder saws, the chisel for marking or cutting the tenons.

5. I claim in combination with the combined frame above claimed, the combined mandrel (91,) chuck plate and cutters described in section lst and represented in Drawing No. 1, to be placed in the slide frame lw, fw, w, l0f-the arrangement of the cutters for cutting the gains in the transverse sleepers in combination with the slide frame for receiving the sleepers. y

6. I lastly claim in the pin splitting machine the combination of the lever p, operating substantially as herein described with the chisel, the whole being constructed in manner substantially as herein described.

7 In the machine described in section third-and represented in Drawing No. 3, I claim the combination of the pile drivers with the saws for cuttingotf the piles, the mode herein described of gaging the saws, so as to cut oli the piles to the required grade, the movable boxes in which the journals of the road wheel axles work whereby the whole machine may be made to move, and rest upon the wheels,or upon the whole length of the frame, while at v work, by means of the wedges or levers as herein described. The

slide'jaws which govern Vthe drop or hoist of throws the pinion out of gear-and the drum the ram. Y Wheel, the Whole being constructed substan- 8. And lastly I ola-im the combination of tially as herein described. Y Vthe slide pinion shaft whereby to connect Y 5 the power to the drum to hoist or drop the Witnesses:

ram, the loose pulley upon said shaft, the CHS. M. KELLER, loose handle, the spring slide box which D. A. DABOLL.

JAMES STIMPsoN.A 

